FAMSI Resources

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Key:  MNC 10-3240 Actual Location:  National Museum of Cultures, Mexico City, Mexico (warehouse). Collection:  Fernando Sologuren #508 Registration:  10-3240 (number written on the piece). Provenance:  Mound 5, tomb A (on the roof of the structure), Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca (Sologuren's excavation 1886). Measurements:  tapa: 28 cm.; base: 19 cm. (47 cm. total) Color:  Grey clay; the two ears of corn in the headdress are painted in red. Chronology:  Xoo 600 - 800 AD   Click to view Chronology Reference:  Seler's watercolor, 1888; Peñafiel 1893: 53; C.B. Waite, circa 1901, AGN, Mexico; Bauer's photo circa 1900, in König and Kröfges 2001: 131; Seler [1904]1960: 338, fig. 61 (black and white copy of the watercolor); Martínez Gracida 1910: plate 82 Comments:  According to Martínez Gracida, four of these pieces were found as "merlons" on the tomb's roof. The drawing presented is based on a photo published by Peñafiel (1893: 53). In their work "Urns of Oaxaca", Caso and Bernal (1952: 17, fig. 1) presented the lid with the wrong box. The matching box must be the piece on page 45, fig. 59, of the same work (MNA 6-791). It is worth mentioning that there is a box exhibited at the National Anthropology Museum, under catalog number 6-6956 (INAH 10-522684), which is identical to the box of a piece at the National Museum of Cultures and which must be part of this series of objects. Glyphs:  Glyph C in the headdress flanked by two ears of corn.

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Key:  SMI 215065 Actual Location:  Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., United States. Collection:  E.O. Matthews. Acquired by the Museum on 19 March 1902. Registration:  215065 Provenance:  Zaachila, Oaxaca (provenance based on a similarity with piece MNA 6-836). Measurements:  42 x 26 cm. Color:  Grey clay with a clay coating of another color. Traces of red paint. Chronology:  MA IIIB (Boos 1964: 38); Peche 500 - 600 AD   Click to view Chronology Reference:  Boos 1964: 38, plate XXXVI. Comments:  Boos thinks that the object in the right hand symbolizes rain and the drawing on the pedestal, water (Boos 1964: 38). See MNA 6-836 for a piece identical to this one.

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Key:  MNA 6-836 Actual Location:  National Anthropology Museum, Mexico City, Mexico. Collection:  Fernando Sologuren #430; Manuel Martínez Gracida 1910: plate 97. Registration:  6-836 Provenance:  Zaachila, Oaxaca. Measurements:  42 cm. Chronology:  Peche 500 - 600 AD   Click to view Chronology Reference:  Schlattman's photo circa 1901; Caso & Bernal 1952: 139-141, fig. 241; Mixtechi e Zapotechi (Mixtecs and Zapotecs), p. 140, fig. 85. Comments:  Caso and Bernal maintain that this vessel represents a "tlaloque" (a water-collecting helper for Tlaloc) and that the object held in the right hand is a stylized cloud. They also report that Linné believes that this same object is glyph L (1952: 139). There is an object identical to this one in the collection of the Smithsonian Institute, but more fragmented (see SMI 215065).

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Key:  MNA 6-827 Actual Location:  National Anthropology Museum, Mexico City, Mexico (exhibited). Collection:  Fernando Sologuren #419 Registration:  6-827 Provenance:  Atatluta, Etla, Oaxaca. Measurements:  25 cm. Color:  Grey clay. Chronology:  MA IIIA (Caso and Bernal 1952: 340); Pitao 350 - 500 AD   Click to view Chronology Reference:  Seler 1960 [1904]: vol. II, 352, fig. 84; Caso 1949: 79, fig. I; Caso and Bernal 1952: 341-343, fig. 507; Boos 1964: 77-97. Comments:  Caso and Bernal (1952: 342) maintain that the vessel represents the Butterfly God and comes from the Cuicatec culture. For an almost identical piece in Sweden, refer to MEG 23.6.303. Another piece in Germany (EMB 31107) and a fragmented piece at the Frissell Museum in Mitla (MFR 7410).

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Key:  MEG 23.6.303 Actual Location:  Ethnographic Museum of Göteburg, Sweden. Collection:  Martínez Gracida; Edward Seler Registration:  23.6.303 (before ca. 29011, Museum für Volkerkunde, Berlin; Martínez Gracida #263) Provenance:  Atlatlauhca, Cuicatlán, Oaxaca (Martínez Gracida 1910: lám. 54). Measurements:  26 cm. Color:  Beige clay Chronology:  MA IIIA (Caso and Bernal 1952: 340); Pitao 350 - 500 AD   Click to view Chronology Reference:  Boos 1964: 77-97, plate III. Comments:  Human figure with butterfly head piece. According to Martínez Gracida (1910: plate 154) this piece was found by Francisco Rojas and Mariano Bautista on the 15th of August, 1893, in a tomb of the pyramid that is known as the "Calvario", some 350 "varas" to the North of the settlement of "Atatlauca" (sic.). There are slight differences between this vessel and the one under MNA 6-827. For example, the buttons on the snout are not represented in the piece of the National Anthropology Museum. Also, a line, which starts running from the tongue (inside the mouth), is missing on this piece. For other examples of this type, see one in Germany (EMB 31107) and one at the Frissell Museum (MFR 7410) (fragmented piece).

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Key:  MNA 6-7891 Actual Location:  National Anthropology Museum, Mexico City, Mexico (exhibited). Registration:  6-7891 / INAH 10-228149 Provenance:  Unknown Measurements:  60 x 35 x 40 cm. Color:  Brown clay with traces of red paint in the face and hands. Chronology:  Peche 500 - 600 AD   Click to view Chronology Reference:  Exhibition at San Ildefonso, Mexico City: Fragments of the Past, 1999; Oaxaca: Magie van Mexico 1993: fig. 12. Comments:  There is another piece, identical to this one, in a private collection in California. See KAISER 1. Glyphs:  Glyph C in the headdress.

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Key:  KAISER 1 Actual Location:  Berkeley, California, United States. Collection:  Dr. William F. Kaiser Provenance:  Unknown Measurements:  66 cm. Color:  Brown clay. Chronology:  Peche 500 - 600 AD   Click to view Chronology Reference:  Pre-Columbian Art of Mexico and Central America,1968: fig. 238. Comments:  This piece is identical to piece MNA 6-7891 and is probably its counterpart. Some details are missing, such as part of the ear piece, a canine tooth in the mouth and the elements coming out of the pot. This piece's headdress is more complete. Glyphs:  Glyph C in the headdress.

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Key:  MNA 6-30 Actual Location:  National Anthropology Museum, Mexico City, Mexico (exhibited). Registration:  30-6 Provenance:  Tomb 51, no. 40, Monte Albán, Oaxaca. Measurements:  31 cm. Color:  Grey clay Chronology:  MA IIIB (Caso and Bernal 1952: 252); Peche 500 - 600 AD   Click to view Chronology Reference:  Caso and Bernal 1952: 252, fig. 397; Exhibition Fragments of the Past, San Ildefonso, Mexico City, 1999. Comments:  Tomb 51 was excavated by Caso in the field season PMA III (1933-1934) and was dated MA IIIB-IV. Glyphs:  Glyph P indicated by the vertical lines crossing the face.

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Key:  MNA 6-6067 Actual Location:  National Anthropology Museum, Mexico City, Mexico (exhibited). Collection:  Guillermo Dupaix; Fausto de Elhúyar?; Sánchez and Mora (former Count of Peñasco). Registration:  138 (old number of Sánchez & Mora?) / 6-6067 / INAH 10-3292 Provenance:  Zaachila, Oaxaca. Measurements:  55 x 32 cm. Color:  Sandy stone, almost white. Traces of red pigment. Chronology:  Pitao 350 - 500 AD   Click to view Chronology Reference:  Dupaix [1805-7]1978: plate 72; Drawing by Franck 1827: plate 14; Mayer 1844: 279; Easby & Scott 1970: fig. 158; Solis 1991: 161, fig. 237; López Austin 1995: 133, fig. 138. Comments:  This piece is made of stone. Guillermo Dupaix found the object in the cemetery, near the curacy of Zaachila, but few have reported this information. The card of the National Anthropology Museum, where the piece is exhibited, says that it comes from Tututepec, Oaxaca. Several authors and catalogs maintain that it comes from Monte Albán (cf. López Austin 1995: 133; Solis 1991: 161, fig. 237). Glyphs:  Glyph C in the headdress flanked by two ears of corn.

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Key:  MNA 6-2289 Actual Location:  National Anthropology Museum, Mexico City, Mexico. Registration:  6-2289; 6-2290; 6-2291; 6-2292; 6-2293; 6-2294 Provenance:  Tomb 40, No. 3, Monte Albán, Oaxaca. Measurements:  32 cm. Color:  Grey clay Chronology:  Xoo 600 - 800 AD   Click to view Chronology Reference:  Caso and Bernal 1952: 92, fig. 152, a & b; Eubanks 1999: 106-108, fig. 84. Comments:  Five pieces like this one were found, all identical and as part of a series. Tomb 40 was excavated by Caso in the period PMA III (1933-1934) and in the date MA IIIB-IV. Glyphs:  Glyph C in the headdress flanked by two ears of corn.

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Key:  MNA 6-6592 Actual Location:  National Anthropology Museum, Mexico City, Mexico (warehouse). Registration:  "piece 4 / 6-6592" Provenance:  Unknown Measurements:  52 cm. Chronology:  Tani 200 - 350 AD   Click to view Chronology Reference:  Caso and Bernal 1952: 34, fig. 34. Comments:  Caso and Bernal maintain that there is a glyph in the headdress with three numerals, but they cannot be seen in the drawing presented by them. I have had the opportunity of seeing this piece in the warehouse of the National Anthropology Museum and can confirm the coefficients engraved in the middle of the glyph. Glyphs:  Glyph 3 L in the headdress under a glyph C.

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Key:  MNA 9-4878 Actual Location:  National Anthropology Museum, Mexico City, Mexico (exhibited). Registration:  9-78 Provenance:  Teotihuacan, South-East room of the Oaxacan zone (site 7 in grid N1W6). Measurements:  34 cm. Color:  Red paint, more intense in glyph and face. Decorated with green stone and shell. Chronology:  Pitao 350 - 500 AD   Click to view Chronology Reference:  Millon 1967: 42-44. Comments:  Millon maintains that this vessel was linked to a ritual involving a hearth that was inside the room where the piece was found. Parts of the vessel were disseminated to the North and East of the room, but the piece's face was deliberately placed near the North wall, facing upwards and protected by a stone slab. Immediately after or during the ritual, the walls were torn down and loads of crushed tepetate, broken floor pieces and remains of walls ("bajareque") as well as other types of filling were thrown into the room (Millon 1967: 43). Glyphs:  Glyph 8 J (corn) in the headdress.

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Key:  MNA 6-78 Actual Location:  National Anthropology Museum, Mexico City, Mexico (exhibited). Registration:  6-78; INAH 10-3199 Provenance:  Cistern IV, Monte Albán, Oaxaca. Measurements:  14.4 x 12 cm. Color:  Orange and grey. Chronology:  MA IIIA (Caso and Bernal 1952: 297); Pitao 350 - 500 AD   Click to view Chronology Reference:  Caso and Bernal 1952: 174, fig. 297; Paddock 1966: 132, fig. 106; Funerary furniture (Mobilier funéraire) fig. 5; The richness of Ancient Mexico (Les richesses de l'Ancien Mexique), 1994: 6, fig. 4. Comments:  Caso and Bernal (1952: 174) designate this piece as MA-IIIA because the rim of the vase is wide and turned outwards like in the "flower vases" that were characteristic of the time. Because the efigie is wearing a "huipil" it probably represents a female impersonator. Glyphs:  Human figure with an owl's head or glyph F and, in the chest, numeral 1 (1 F).

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Key:  MNA 6-388 Actual Location:  National Anthropology Museum, Mexico City, Mexico (exhibited). Collection:  Francisco Belmar #62; according to Martínez Gracida (1910: 107), it was found in 1896. Registration:  6-388 or 6-6047 Provenance:  Atzompa, Oaxaca. Measurements:  71 x 14 cm. Color:  Grey clay with traces of white and red paint. Chronology:  Peche 500 - 600 AD   Click to view Chronology Reference:  No. 62 in Belmar's catalog (AH/ MNA, vol. 11, fs. 17-35); Martínez Gracida 1910: 107; Caso & Bernal 1952: 285, fig. 431, Marcus 1983: fig. 5.11; Solis 1991: 158, fig. 230; Marcus and Flannery 1996: 210, fig. 247. Comments:  According to Belmar, the figure represents a man. Martínez Gracida says it represents a "priestess". Caso and Bernal use this vessel to define the category "Goddess 13 Serpent". Caso and Bernal (1952) and also Marcus (1983) published the artifact without origin. Later, Marcus and Flannery (1996: 210, fig. 247) maintained that the provenance was Monte Albán. According to Belmar's Collection list, it comes from Atzompa and was excavated by the collector himself. Glyphs:  Glyph 13 V on the chest. Dating:  TL by Peter Schaft 1999: authentic (Martha Carmona, personal communication 1999).

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Key:  MNA Mont. YW ofrenda 1-2 Actual Location:  National Anthropology Museum, Mexico City, Mexico. Provenance:  Mound YW, West of "Y" site, offering I, number 2, Monte Albán, Oaxaca. Measurements:  15 x 7.5 cm. Chronology:  Peche 500 - 600 AD   Click to view Chronology Reference:  Caso and Bernal 1952: 289, fig. 439; Caso et al. 1967: 122, fig. 78, no. 2 (drawing) Comments:  Drawing based on Mendoza. This piece was found under stelae no. 16. There was a small pot under the urn, made of grey, polished and thin clay (cf. Caso et al. 1967: 122, Fig. 78, no. 3). Glyphs:  Glyph E "Xoo" in the pectoral. Underneath, there is another shape that is not well understood yet, but it could be an alligator's eye.

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