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MAYA HIEROGLYPH DICTIONARY
Peter Mathews and Péter Bíró
Drawings by John Montgomery |
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| a- |  | | | (1) |
| | Meaning(s): | pre. you, your, yours / tu, tuyo, tuya, tuyos, tuyas |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) a |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 228 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | # a- | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
| | Linguistic Reconstruction: | Proto-Ch'olan | *a- | Kaufman and Norman 1984 | | Proto-Mayan | *aa- | Kaufman and Norman 1984 |
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| ak |  | | | (1) |
| | Meaning(s): | n. turtle / tortuga |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) AK | | | (2) AK-ka | | | (3) a-ka |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 743 | | | (2) 743-25 | | | (3) 228-25 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | a[h]k | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
| | Linguistic Reconstruction: | Proto-Mayan | *ahq | Brown and Wichmann 2004 | | Proto-Ch'olan | *ahk | Kaufman and Norman 1984 |
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| a'nab' |  | | | (1) |
| | Meaning(s): | n. title (without translation) / título (sin traducción) |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) a-na-b'i | | | (2) (y)a-a-na-b'i-(li) |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 228-23-585 | | | (2) 125-228-23-585-24 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | # anaab' | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 | | anib' | | Stuart and Houston 2001 | | # anaab' | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
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| chitin |
| | Meaning(s): | nd. sweatbath / temazcal |
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| chiwoj | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | n. tarantula / tarántula |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) chi-wo-jo | | | (2) chi-wo |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 671-67-607 | | | (2) 671-67 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | chiwo'j | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
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| chuch | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | n. loom, cloth / tela, ropa |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) chu-chu |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) [517+87]-[517+87] |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | chuch | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 | | chuch | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 |
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| -ch'am- |  | | | (1) |
| | Meaning(s): | vt. take, grab, receive / tener, tomar, recibir |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) CH'AM | | | (2) CH'AM-ma | | | (3) ch'a-CH'AM |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 670 | | | (2) 670-74 | | | (3) 93-670 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | -ch'am- | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 | | -ch'am- | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
| | Linguistic Reconstruction: | Proto-Mayan | *k'am | Brown and Wichmann 2004 | | Proto-Mayan | *k'am | Kaufman and Norman 1984 | | Proto-Cholan | *chäm | Kaufman and Norman 1984 |
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| ch'ok |   | | | (2) (3) |
| | Meaning(s): | adj. unripe, young / tierno, menor en edad |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) ch'o-ko | | | (2) CH'OK | | | (3) CH'OK-ko |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 287-110 | | | (2) 758 | | | (3) 758-110 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | ch'ok | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 | | ch'ok | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
| | Linguistic Reconstruction: | Proto-Cholan | *ch'ok | Kaufman and Norman 1984 |
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| ch'ok | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | n. title which designates heirs to the throne (not exclusively) / título que designa herederos al trono (no en todos casos) |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) CH'OK-ko | | | (2) ch'o-ko |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 758-110 | | | (2) 287-110 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | ch'ok | | Houston, Stuart an dRobertson 1998 | | ch'ok | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
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| etej | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | n. work, office / trabajo, oficio |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) ETE' | | | (2) ETE'-TE' | | | (3) ETE'-TE'-je |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 514 | | | (2) 514-87 | | | (3) 514-87-69 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | e[b']tej | | MacLeod n.d. |
| | Linguistic Reconstruction: | Proto-Cholan | *eb't-el | Kaufman and Norman (1984) |
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| heklib' | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | nd. (vertical) panel / tablero (vertical) |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) e-ke-li-b'i |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 741a-220-82-585 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | [h]eklib' | | Wichmann 2001 |
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| ichan | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | n. mother's brother / tío, hermano de madre |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) (y)i-cha-ni |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 17-nn-116 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | ichaan | | Stuart 2005 | | ichaan | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
| | Linguistic Reconstruction: | Proto-Mayan | *ikaan | Kaufman and Norman (1984) | | Proto-Cholan | *ichan | Kaufman and Norman (1984) |
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| jay |  | | | (1) |
| | Meaning(s): | n. clay bowl / tazón de barro |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) ja-yi | | | (2) ja-ya |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 181-17 | | | (2) 181-125 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | jaay, jay | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 | | jaay, #jay | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
| | Linguistic Reconstruction: | Proto-Mayan | *jaay | Kaufman and Norman (1984) | | Proto-Cholan | *jay | Kaufman and Norman (1984) |
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| -joch'- | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | vt. drill, perforate / taladrar, perforar |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) jo-ch'o | | | (2) jo-ch'a |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 607-758b | | | (2) 607-93 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | #-joch'- | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 | | -joch'- | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 |
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| kab' |  | | | (1) |
| | Meaning(s): | n. earth / tierra |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) KAB' | | | (2) ka-b'a | | | (3) ka-b'i |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 526 | | | (2) 25-501 | | | (3) 525-585 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | kab' | | Stuart 2005 | | #kab' | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
| | Linguistic Reconstruction: | Proto-Mayan | *kaab' | Kaufman and Norman (1984) | | Proto-Cholan | *kab' | Kaufman and Norman (1984) |
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| kab'al | | | | (1) |
| | Meaning(s): | adj. low / terrestre |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) KAB' | | | (2) KAB'-la |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 526 | | | (2) 526-178 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | kab'al | | Stuart 2005 | | #kab'al | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
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| koj- | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | vi. finish? / terminar? |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) ko-jo- |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 110-607 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | koj- | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 | | koj-Vy | | Stuart 2005 |
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| kok | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | n. trogon, (small) turtle / tortugua pequeña |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) ko-ko |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 110-110 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | kok | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 | | kok | | Stuart 2005 |
| | Linguistic Reconstruction: | Proto-Cholan | *aj kok | Kaufman and Norman (1984) |
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| k'utz | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | n. tobacco / tabaco |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) k'u-tzi | | | (2) K'UH-tzi |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 603-507 | | | (2) 1016-507 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | k'uu[h]tz | | Lacaden and Wichmann 2004 |
| | Linguistic Reconstruction: | Proto-Cholan | *k'uhtz | Kaufman and Norman (1984) |
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| -k'ux- | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | vt. torture, hurt, eat, grind / torturar, dañar, comer, moler |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) -k'u-xa- |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 603-508/114 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | -k'ux- | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 | | #-k'ux- | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
| | Linguistic Reconstruction: | Proto-Mayan | *k'ux | Kaufman and Norman (1984) | | Proto-Cholan | *k'ux | Kaufman and Norman (1984) |
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| lum | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | n. earth / tierra |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) lu-ma |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 568-74 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | lu'm | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 | | luum | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 |
| | Linguistic Reconstruction: | Proto-Cholan | *lum | Kaufman and Norman 1984 |
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| -mak- | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | vt. cover, close / tapar, cerrar |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) -ma-ka- | | | (2) -ma-AK- |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 74-25 | | | (2) 74-626av |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | -mak- | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 | | -mak- | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 |
| | Linguistic Reconstruction: | Proto-Mayan | *maq | Brown and Wichmann 2004 | | Proto-Mayan | *maq | Kaufman and Norman 1984 | | Proto-Cholan | *mäk | Kaufman and Norman 1984 |
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| maknom | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | nd. closer, coverer / tapador |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) ma-ka-no-ma |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 502-25-(595-134)-74 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | #makno'm | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
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| mas | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | n. goblin, dwarf / trasgo, duende |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) ma-su |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 74-216 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | maas | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 | | ma's | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
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| masul | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | n. toponym in the Northeast Peten area (Naachtun?) / topónimo en el área del Petén noreste (¿Naachtun?) |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) ma-su | | | (2) ma-su-la |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 74-216 | | | (2) 74-216-178 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | masuul | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 | | masu'l | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
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| muknal | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | nc. tomb, burial place / tumba |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) MUK-NAL |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) nn-86 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | muknal | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 | | muknal | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 |
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| ox |  | | | (1) |
| | Meaning(s): | num. three / tres |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) OX | | | (2) o-xo |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) III | | | (2) 279-536 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | ox | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 | | ox | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
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| pat | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | n. hat / tocado |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) pa-ta |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 586-113 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | pat | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 | | pat | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
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| patan |  | | | (1) |
| | Meaning(s): | n. tribute, work / tributo, cargo |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) pa-ta-na | | | (2) pa-ta |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 586-113-23 | | | (2) 586-113 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | patan | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 | | patan | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
| | Linguistic Reconstruction: | Proto-Cholan | *patan | Kaufman and Norman | | Proto-Mayan | *pahtaan | Kaufman and Norman 1984 |
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| peten | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | nd. land, island / tierra, isla |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) PET-ne |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 511-120 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | peten | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 | | peten | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 |
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| pixom | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | n. hat, headdress / tocado, sombrero |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) pi-xo-la |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 177-536-178 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | pixoom | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 | | pixo'm | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
| | Linguistic Reconstruction: | Proto-Cholan | *pix | Kaufman and Norman 1984 | | Proto-Mayan | *pix | Kaufman and Norman 1984 |
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| -pul- | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | vt. sprinkle / tirar, arrojar |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) -pu-la- |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 266-178 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | -pul- | | Lacaden and Wichmann 2004 |
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| sab'ak | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | n. ink, soot / tizne, tinta |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) SAB'AK | | | (2) sa-b'a-ka | | | (3) sa-b'a-ki |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) (174-709) | | | (2) 630-501-25 | | | (3) 630-501-102 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | sabak, sabaak | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 | | sabak, sabaak | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
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| sihom | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | n. winter maize crop / tornamilpa |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) SIHOM-ma | | | (2) SIHOM-mo |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 528-74 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | sihoom, sihom | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 | | siho'm | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
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| sukuk | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | n. tortilla of ground beans / tortilla de frijol molido |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) su-ku-ku |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 216-528-528 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | sukuk | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 | | sukuk | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
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| Talol |  | | | (1) |
| | Meaning(s): | n. Talol (Ek' B'alam Emblem Glyph) / Talol (glifo emblema de Ek' B'alam) |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) TAL | | | (2) TAL-lo |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 674 | | | (2) 674-580 |
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| te' kuy | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | n. tekuy (title in Yaxchilan) / tekuy (título en Yaxchilán) |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) TE'-ku-yu |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 87-528-61 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | tekuy | | Houton, Stuart and Robertson 1998 | | tekuy | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
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| Tok Tan |  | | | (2) |
| | Meaning(s): | n. Tok Tan (toponym in Palenque) / Tok Tan (topónimo en el área de Palenque) |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) to-ko-TAN | | | (2) to-ko-TAN-na |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 44-110-606 | | | (2) 44-110-606-23 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | Tok Ta[h]n | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
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| Tukun Witz | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | n. Tukun Witz (toponym in Copan) / Tukun Witz (topónimo en Copan) |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) tu-ku-nu-WITZ |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 89-528-592-529 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | Tukun Witz | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 | | Tukun Witz | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
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| -tzutz- | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | vt. end, terminate, join / teminar, acabar, juntar |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) -TZUTZ- | | | (2) -TZUTZ-tza- | | | (3) -tzu-tza- | | | (4) -tzu-tzu- |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) nn/nn | | | (2) nn/nn-699 | | | (3) 370-699 | | | (4) 370-370 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | -tzutz- | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 | | -tzutz- | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
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| tzutzuy | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | mp. it got terminated / terminarse |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) TZUTZ-yi |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) nn/nn-17 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | tzutzuuy | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
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| tz'am | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | n. throne / trono |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) TZ'AM-ma | | | (2) tz'a-ma |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 150-142 | | | (2) 68-502 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | tz'am | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 | | tz'am | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
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| ub'te |  | | | (1) |
| | Meaning(s): | n. tribute / tributo |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) (y)u-b'u-te |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 61-21-518c |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | ub'te' | | Stuart 2005 |
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| uk'es | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | nd. trompet-shell / trompeta de caracol |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) (y)u-k'e-sa |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 61-(197-512)-630 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | uk'es | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 | | uk'ees | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 |
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| uxlajun | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | num. thirteen / trece |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) UX-[LAJUN] |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) XIII |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | u[h]xlaju'n | | Zender 2004 |
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| waj |   | | | (1) (3) |
| | Meaning(s): | n. tamale, tortilla / tamale, tortilla |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) WAJ | | | (2) WAJ-ji | | | (3) wa-WAJ-ji | | | (4) wa-ji |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 506 | | | (2) 506-136 | | | (3) 130-506-136 | | | (4) 130-136 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | waaj | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 | | waaj | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 |
| | Linguistic Reconstruction: | Proto-Mayan | *waaj | Brown and Wichmann 2004 | | Proto-Cholan | *waj | Kaufman and Norman 1984 |
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| xok |  | | | (2) |
| | Meaning(s): | n. shark / tiburón |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) XOK-ki | | | (2) xo-ki |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | xook | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 | | xook | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 |
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| -yal- | | | | |
| | Meaning(s): | vt. throw, demolish / tirar, demolir |
| | Hieroglyphic Spelling(s): | (1) ya-la- |
| | Thompson Number(s): | (1) 125-534 |
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| Narrow Transcription(s): | -yal- | | Houston, Stuart and Robertson 1998 | | #-yal- | | Lacadena and Wichmann 2004 |
| | Linguistic Reconstruction: | Proto-Cholan | *yäl | Kaufman and Norman 1984 |
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